Everything about Sremski Karlovci totally explained
Sremski Karlovci (Сремски Карловци) is a town and municipality in the autonomous province of
Vojvodina,
Serbia, situated on the bank of the river
Danube, 8 km from
Novi Sad. In
2002, its population was 8,839.
Name
In
Serbian, the town is known as
Sremski Karlovci (Сремски Карловци), in
German as
Karlowitz or
Carlowitz, in
Croatian as
Srijemski Karlovci, in
Hungarian as
Karlóca, and in
Turkish as
Karlofça. Former Serbian name used for the town was
Karlovci (Карловци) - it's used today as well, but unofficially.
Geography
The town is situated in the geographical region of
Srem (hence the name), but it's part of the
South Bačka District.
History
In ancient times, a small
Roman fortress existed at this location. The town was first mentioned in historical documents in 1308 with the name
Karom. The fortress of Karom was built on the ruins of the ancient Roman one. Until 1521, the Karom was a possession of the
Hungarian noble families, of which the most well known were
Báthory and
Morović.
Turkish military commander
Bali-beg conquered Karom in 1521, and in the next 170 years, the town was part of the
Ottoman Empire. The
Slavic name for the town -
Karlovci, was first recorded in 1532/33. During the Ottoman rule, the town was mostly populated by
Serbs, with the smaller part of population composed of
Turks. According to the Ottoman
defters from 1545, the population of Karlovci numbered 547
Christian (Serb) houses, thus it was the largest city with Serb majority in the whole Ottoman Empire. The city also had three
Orthodox churches and a monastery.
Between
November 16,
1698, and
January 26,
1699, the town of Karlovci was the site of a congress that ended the hostilities between the
Ottoman Empire and the
Holy League, a coalition of various European powers including
Habsburg Monarchy,
Poland,
Venice and
Russia; the congress produced the
Treaty of Karlowitz. It was the first time a
round table was used in international politics.
After this peace treaty, the town was part of the
Habsburg Monarchy and was included into the
Military Frontier. According to the 1702 data, the population of the town was composed of 215
Orthodox and 13
Catholic houses, while according to the 1753 data, the population of the town numbered 3,843 people, of which 3,110 were ethnic
Serbs.
The town was also the spiritual, political and cultural centre of the
Serbs in the
Habsburg Monarchy. The
Metropolitan of the
Serb Orthodox Church resided in the town. To this day, the
Serb Orthodox Patriarch retains the title of
Metropolitan of Karlovci. The town also featured the earliest Serb (and Slavic in general) grammar school (
Serbian:
gimnazija/гимназија,
French:
lycée) founded on August 3, 1791. Three years after this, an Orthodox
seminary was also founded in the town. It was the second oldest Orthodox seminary in the World (After the Spiritual Academy in
Kiev), and it operates to this day.
At the Serb National Assembly in Karlovci in May, 1848,
Serbs declared the unification of the regions of
Srem,
Banat,
Bačka, and
Baranja (including parts of the
Military Frontier) into the province of
Serbian Vojvodina. The first capital of Serbian Vojvodina was in Karlovci, until it was latter moved to
Zemun,
Veliki Bečkerek, and
Temišvar. In the same time the title of the Orthodox Metropolitan of Karlovci was raised to that of the Patriarch, which thus established an Orthodox
Patriarchate of Karlovci that existed until 1920 when it was joined with
Metropolitanate of Belgrade to form the new
Patriarchate of Serbia.
When Serbian Vojvodina was in 1849 transformed into the new province named
Vojvodina of Serbia and Tamiš Banat, Karlovci were not included into this province, but were returned under the administration of the
Military Frontier (
Slavonian Krajina). With the abolishment of the Military Frontier in 1881, the town was included into
Croatia-Slavonia, the autonomous kingdom within
Austria-Hungary.
In 1918, the town became part of the
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In the 1920s, it became the headquarters of
Russian
White émigrés of
General Wrangel whose monument remains to this day. It was also home to the
Holy Synod of the
Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia.
Between 1929 and 1941, the town was part of
Danube Banovina, a province of the
Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During
World War 2 (1941-1944), the town was occupied by the Axis Powers and it was attached to the
Independent State of Croatia. During that time its name was changed to
Hrvatski Karlovci. Since the end of the war, the town has been part of the Autonomous Province of
Vojvodina.
Between 1980 and 1989, Sremski Karlovci was one of the seven municipalities of
Novi Sad City. Today, the municipality isn't part of Novi Sad City, but a separate administrative unit.
Historical population of the town
- 1961: 6,390
- 1971: 7,040
- 1981: 7,547
- 1991: 7,534
Ethnic groups (2002 census)
The population of the Sremski Karlovci municipality:
Serbs (75.39%)
Croats (8.51%)
Yugoslavs (2.87%)
Hungarians (2.43%)
Montenegrins (1%)
Politics
Seats in the municipal parliament won in the 2004 local elections: (External Link
)
Serbian Radical Party (6)
"Hey, my Karlovci" (3)
Democratic Party (3)
"Karlovci shall win" (3)
Group of the citizens "For Karlovci - Kalinić" (3)
G17 Plus (2)
Democratic Party of Serbia (2)
Together for Vojvodina (2)
Serbian Strength Movement (1)
Schools
Gymnasium of Karlovci (Karlovačka gimnazija)
Clerical High School of Saint Arsenije
Twin cities
Eymet, Italy
Tivat, Montenegro (2007)Further Information
Get more info on 'Sremski Karlovci'.
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